Which technique derives test cases based on known defect types?

The technique that derives test cases based on known defect types is the defect-based technique. This approach involves analyzing historical defect data to identify common problems that have occurred in previous versions of the software or similar applications. By examining the types of defects that have been reported, testers can create test cases that specifically target these known issues, allowing them to evaluate whether the same defects are present in the current version of the software.

In practice, using a defect-based technique helps teams focus their testing efforts on areas that are more likely to contain issues, thus increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the testing process. This strategy not only helps in identifying recurring faults but also in ensuring that the software meets quality standards by mitigating risks associated with previously encountered defects.

The other options like exploratory testing, regression testing, and automated testing each serve distinct purposes. Exploratory testing emphasizes simultaneous learning, test design, and execution, and does not particularly focus on known defects. Regression testing verifies that previously developed and tested software still performs after a change, but it does not inherently derive test cases based on known defect types. Automated testing, meanwhile, focuses on executing predefined test cases to ensure consistency and speed, independent of analyzing defect types. Therefore, the best choice for deriving test cases based on known