Which approach provides a structured classification system for software defects?

The approach that provides a structured classification system for software defects is known as defect taxonomy. This system is designed to categorize defects based on various attributes, such as their nature, severity, or the phase of development in which they were introduced. By using a defect taxonomy, teams can organize and analyze defects more effectively, which facilitates better communication among team members and stakeholders, helps prioritize defect resolution efforts, and informs process improvements.

Defect taxonomy enhances the understanding of defects by creating a common vocabulary around them, allowing for consistent reporting and management. This structured classification helps in identifying patterns in defect occurrences, which can lead to insights regarding areas of the software that may require more robust testing or development practices.

In contrast, while defect analysis involves examining and interpreting identified defects to draw conclusions about their causes and resolutions, it does not necessarily provide a structured classification system. Quality assurance refers to the overarching processes and practices aimed at ensuring product quality, but it does not specifically offer a classification framework for defects. Risk assessment focuses on identifying and evaluating potential risks in a project without classifying defects themselves. These other options do not provide the same level of structured classification as defect taxonomy does.