What is a 'test case'?

A test case is defined as a set of actions, inputs, and expected outcomes that delineates how a particular test will be executed. This definition emphasizes the structured approach of a test case, which is designed to validate a specific aspect of the system under test. It typically includes key components such as the test case ID, test steps (actions to be performed), input data (what is to be fed into the system), and expected results (the anticipated outcome if the system behaves correctly).

By setting clear parameters for execution, a test case helps testers systematically verify that the application meets its requirements and functions as intended. Additionally, well-defined test cases are essential for traceability, reusability, and maintaining the quality of the testing process, ultimately contributing to a more rigorous quality assurance effort.