What does a low-level test case refer to?

A low-level test case is defined by its specificity in that it includes concrete inputs and expected outcomes. This detailed level of definition allows the tester to verify the behavior of a particular function or feature under precise conditions. Low-level test cases are essential for ensuring that individual components of the system perform as expected in a controlled environment, which helps in catching defects at an early stage.

By focusing on specific values and defining expected results, low-level test cases facilitate systematic testing processes, making it easier to identify and isolate issues. They often arise from high-level specifications where broader scenarios have already been established, and they serve to translate those broader requirements into actionable test scenarios.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of what a low-level test case is. For example, generic conditions or conceptual test cases lack the specificity that characterizes low-level cases, while a test under development does not imply that it has reached a defined state conducive to testing.